松江邱家湾天主堂：历史悠久、风貌独特的重要建筑

2023-08-29 理论教育版权反馈

【摘要】：Qiujiawan Catholic Church邱家湾天主堂是松江最早的天主教堂，1985年被列为区级文物保护单位。她虔敬天主、乐善好施，在松江一带资助兴建大小天主堂多达140多座。邱家湾天主堂竣工于同治十三年，这一年适逢同治帝大婚，教堂举行大礼弥撒为皇帝祈祷。从清代后期到1990年代初，邱家湾天主堂屡次被废弃或占用，用途多次变化。1993年，邱家湾天主堂得到全面维修并重新投入使用，因其历史悠久、风貌独特成为松江地区重要的历史建筑。

Qiujiawan Catholic Church

邱家湾天主堂是松江最早的天主教堂，1985年被列为区级文物保护单位。曾经为天主教松江府总堂，管辖松江、青浦、宝山、嘉定等区域的天主教堂。

教堂为砖木结构，坐北朝南，进深七间，平面为十字形，外墙采用中国传统的磨砖对缝工艺。正立面为哥特式，中部有“耶稣”“玛利亚”“若瑟”三人名字的拉丁字母浮雕，顶部有铁十字架。教堂的内部主体结构为梁柱式，五开间，中间一跨较大，采用仿中世纪的垂式柱。内部装饰极为精湛，采用哥特式教堂花窗，内部彩绘梁柱与天花，色彩鲜明。

教堂始建于明代崇祯年间（1628—1644）。该教堂的捐助者——甘第大是明代著名科学家、政治家徐光启的第二个孙女。她出生于明万历三十五年（1607），因其生日正是圣女甘第大的纪念日而得洗名。她与松江豪绅许远度成婚，后人们称她为“许母徐太夫人甘第大”。她虔敬天主、乐善好施，在松江一带资助兴建大小天主堂多达140多座。

该教堂后于清同治十一年（1872）以哥特式建筑风貌和十字形平面布局扩建，并运用了中国传统工艺加以建设，形成融入中国式元素的西方建筑类型。邱家湾天主堂竣工于同治十三年（1874），这一年适逢同治帝大婚，教堂举行大礼弥撒为皇帝祈祷。

从清代后期到1990年代初，邱家湾天主堂屡次被废弃或占用，用途多次变化。1993年，邱家湾天主堂得到全面维修并重新投入使用，因其历史悠久、风貌独特成为松江地区重要的历史建筑。

The Qiujiawan Catholic Church was the first cathedral to govern Catholic churches in the regions of Songjiang, Qingpu, Baoshan, and Jiading. In 1985, it was listed as a cultural relic protected on the district level.

About seven bays wide and facing south, the church is constructed of brick and wood. The exterior walls are built using traditional techniques. It is laid out with a Greek-cross plan, Gothic facade, medieval-style columns, and with an interior decorated with Gothic windows and pillars painted in vibrant colors.

The church was built during the Chongzhen era of the Ming dynasty (1628—1644). The donor, Candida, was the second granddaughter of Xu Guangqi. She was born in 1607 (Ming) and was given her name from her birthday, the anniversary of Saint Candida. Later, she married Xu Yuandu, a despotic gentry in Songjiang.

Later church expansions were completed in the Gothic architectural style and included a cross-shaped layout in 1872 (Qing). Using traditional techniques, it might best be appreciated as a western building incorporating many Chinese elements. It was completed in 1874 around the time that the Tongzhi Emperor was married, for which the cathedral held a Solemn Mass and ceremony to pray for the emperor.

This church experienced a lot from the late Qing dynasty to the early 1990s. In 1993, the Qiujiawan Cathedral was fully renovated to better accommodate the needs of the local public and parishioners. It has become an important community landmark and symbol of local Songjiang pride due to its long history and distinct architectural appearance.

参观指南

周一至周六8:00—16:00、周日10:00—16:00开放。参观时请遵守宗教礼仪。

Tips

Hours: Mon–Sat 8:00–16:00, Sun 10:00–16:00.

松江邱家湾天主堂：历史悠久、风貌独特的重要建筑

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