托帕石：彩色宝石与矿物集萃

2023-08-18 理论教育版权反馈

【摘要】：托帕石属斜方晶系，晶体呈短柱状，常见发育良好的晶形和具有特征的晶顶。托帕石以无色为主，也有蓝色、粉红色和黄色，通常颜色都比较浅。托帕石与其他天然宝石相比，其内含物较少，矿物内含物主要有云母、钠长石、电气石等。两种不相混合的液体包体是托帕石的典型内含物特征。商业中将处理后的蓝色托帕石分成三个品种，浅色的称天蓝托帕石，深色的称伦敦蓝托帕石，艳丽的湖水蓝称瑞士蓝托帕石。

Topaz

托帕石之名是由其英文名称音译而来，中文称黄玉，是一种含羟基的铝硅酸盐矿物。产于伟晶岩、云英岩和高温气成热液脉及酸性火山岩的气孔中。托帕石属斜方晶系，晶体呈短柱状，常见发育良好的晶形和具有特征的晶顶。一些表面被磨蚀的浑圆卵石状托帕石一般采自河床的砂矿中。

托帕石以无色为主，也有蓝色、粉红色和黄色，通常颜色都比较浅。托帕石与其他天然宝石相比，其内含物较少，矿物内含物主要有云母、钠长石、电气石等。两种不相混合的液体包体是托帕石的典型内含物特征。

·母岩上的黄色托帕石晶体

·帝王托帕石吊坠

表面被磨蚀的卵石状托帕石

托帕石以无色透明为主，通常比较干净。通过辐照和热处理后，会呈现美丽的蓝色。商业中将处理后的蓝色托帕石分成三个品种，浅色的称天蓝托帕石，深色的称伦敦蓝托帕石，艳丽的湖水蓝称瑞士蓝托帕石。

·天然蓝色托帕石晶体

Topaz is an aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide whose well-formed crystals are often found in short to long prisms with pyramidal and other characteristic terminal faces. Topaz crystallizes in lava and granite cavities and is therefore found in pegmatites and in alluvial deposits. Most topaz is colorless to pale blue or yellow, with pinkish-red stones being incredibly rare. The highly prized imperial topaz is an intense golden to reddish orange and is found primarily at Ouro Preto, Brazil. Many vividly colored topazes on the market today are colorless topazes that have been processed with irradiation and heating, a common practice since 1976. Topaz is a hard gemstone, but its tendency to split or cleave makes it somewhat fragile.

London blue topaz (top), Swiss blue topaz (middle), Sky blue topaz (bottom).

·伦敦蓝托帕石

·瑞士蓝托帕石

·天蓝托帕石

托帕石：彩色宝石与矿物集萃

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