埃及多神论文化与动物崇拜：神像代为祈愿

2023-08-05 理论教育版权反馈

【摘要】：RELIGION埃及在历史上一直是个多神论国家。将不同的神祇结合在一起形成一位新的神是埃及宗教的特点之一。这些神拥有多种化身，动物即为其中一种，因此人们将动物当成神来祭拜也就不足为奇了。在古埃及的宗教信仰体系中，“国家崇拜”与“个人崇拜”共存，平行发展。神庙中的神祇令人难以接近，信徒们便向神的小青铜像祈祷以实现自己的愿望，这种还愿式祭拜，正是埃及人向神祇表达个人崇拜最为深切的方式。

RELIGION

埃及在历史上一直是个多神论国家。沿着尼罗河从南至北分布着众多城市，它们供奉着不同的保护神：埃德富的荷鲁斯，底比斯的阿蒙，丹德拉的哈索尔，阿比多的奥西里斯，孟菲斯的卜塔等等。将不同的神祇结合在一起形成一位新的神是埃及宗教的特点之一。这些神拥有多种化身，动物即为其中一种，因此人们将动物当成神来祭拜也就不足为奇了。在古埃及的宗教信仰体系中，“国家崇拜”与“个人崇拜”共存，平行发展。对神祇的官方祭拜在神庙中举行。神庙包括公共区域和只有祭司和国王才能进入的神圣区域，一般为外墙封闭的筒式结构，由外至内，从充满自然光过渡到半明半暗的空间，最深处则陷入一片黑暗。神庙中的神祇令人难以接近，信徒们便向神的小青铜像祈祷以实现自己的愿望，这种还愿式祭拜，正是埃及人向神祇表达个人崇拜最为深切的方式。

Throughout its whole history, ancient Egypt was polytheistic.A traveller sailing along the Nile,from south to north, would encounter the numerous cities, where the local cult was devoted to different deities: Horus in Edfu, Khnum in Esna, Amun in Thebes, Hathor in Dendera, Osiris in Abydos, Ptah in Memphis, and so on.One peculiarity of Egyptian religion was that two or three names of deities could be combined to create another god or goddess.Egyptian deities could have several manifestations and many of them also had an animal form.It is no surprise then, that animals associated with specific deities were worshipped.

The official cult of the god took place in the temples, which were perfect expressions of a metaphysical vision in stone.They were divided into public and sacred areas, where only a few priests and the king could enter, and they had a peculiar telescope-like architectural structure,which gradually passed from earthly light into shadow and then darkness.The most personal and intimate type of devotion that the Egyptians could express towards the deity was the votive cult,in which objects (ex-votos) such as bronze statuettes of the deity were presented in exchange for particular favours.

鹰神荷鲁斯神庙

埃及多神论文化与动物崇拜：神像代为祈愿

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